Cancer statistics in China, 2016 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Data for 2016 from cancer registries were used to estimate cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2016. Methods: According to the quality control process of the National Central Cancer Registry, the data from 683 cancer registries submitted by each province were evaluated, and the data of 487 cancer registries were qualified and included in the final analysis. Age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated by area (urban/rural), sex, age and cancer site, combined with national population data to estimate cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2016. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. Results: Total population covered by 487 cancer registries was 381 565 422 (192 628 370 in urban and 188 937 052 in rural areas). The percentages of morphologically verified (MV%) and death certificate-only cases (DCO%) accounted for 68.31% and 1.40%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence ratio was 0.61. It was estimated about 4 064 000 new cases occurred in China in 2016, with the crude incidence rate being 293.91/100 000 (the rates of males and females were 315.52/100 000 and 271.23/100 000), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 190.76/100 000 and 186.46/100 000, with the cumulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) being 21.42%. The crude incidence and ASIRC were 314.74/100 000 and 196.38/100 000 in urban areas, whereas in rural areas, they were 265.90/100 000 and 182.21/100 000, respectively. It was estimated about 2 413 500 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2016, the crude mortality rate was 174.55/100 000 (216.16/100 000 in males and 130.88/100 000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 106.00/100 000 and 105.19/100 000, and the cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was 11.85%. The crude mortality and ASMRC were 180.31/100 000 and 104.44/100 000 in urban areas, whereas in rural areas, they were 166.81/100 000 and 108.01/100 000, respectively. The most common cancer cases include lung, colorectal, stomach, liver and female breast cancers. The top five cancers accounted for about 57.27% of all cancer cases. The most common cancer deaths included lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and esophageal cancers. The top five cancers accounted for about 69.25% of all cancer deaths. Conclusions: The burden of cancer shows a continuous increasing trend in China. Regional and gender differences in cancer burden are obvious. The cancer patterns still show the coexistence of cancer patterns in developed countries and developing countries. The situation of cancer prevention and control is still serious in China.

Cathepsin B Affects the Activation of Nucleotide-binding Domain and Leucine-rich-repeat-containing Family and Pyrin Domain-containing 3 Inflammasome via Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin-1 / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the effects of cathepsin B(CTSB)on the activation of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family and pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome via transient receptor potential mucolipin-1(TRPML1)in cell oxidative stress model and specific gene silencing cell model. Methods BV2 cells cultured in vivo were treated separately or simultaneously with hydrogen peroxide(HO),calcium-sensitive receptor agonist gadolinium trichloride(GdCl),and CTSB inhibitor CA-074Me,and interleukin-1(IL-1)beta and caspase-1 protein were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The growth activity of BV2 cells in each group was measured by MTT.BV2 cells were treated with different concentrations of HO.Cystatin C mRNA and TRPML1 mRNA in BV2 cells were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the proteins of TRPML1,CTSB,cathepsin D(CTSD),cathepsin L(CTSL)and cathepsin V(CTSV)were detected by Western blot.Specific small interfering RNA was designed for TRPML1 gene target sequence.TRPML1 gene silencing cell lines(named Tr-si-Bv2 cells)were established in BV2 cells and treated with or without HO.TRPML1,CTSB and transcription factor EB(TFEB)proteins in Tr-si-Bv2 cells or control cells were detected by Western blot. Results After treatment with HO,the expression of caspase-1 protein and NLRP3 mRNA in BV2 cells was increased,and IL-1beta protein in BV2 cells was significantly increased after treatment with GdCl(P=0.0036).After treatment with CA-074Me,the doses of NLRP3 mRNA(P=0.037),caspase-1(P=0.021),and IL-1β(P= 0.036)were significantly reduced.Cells in the HO group and HO+GdCl group grew more slowly.The expressions of CTSB mRNA and TRPML1 mRNA,or CTSB and TRPML1 proteins in BV2 cells in the treatment group with 200 μmol/L of HO concentration were similar.HO-induced CTSB protein expression was inhibited after silencing TRPML1 gene.The changes of other cathepsins were not affected for the different concentration of HO.In the BV2 cells treated with TRPML1 gene silencing,the expression of CTSB protein was significantly reduced and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.021)between the HO +siRNA treatment group and the HO treatment group.Conclusion CTSB regulates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the oxidative stress model of microglia cells,probably mediated by calcium channel protein TRPML1.

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China in 2011 / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Liver cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis in China. In this study, the national population-based cancer registration data were used to evaluate and analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 and provide a reference for liver cancer prevention and control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2011 from 177 cancer registries with qualified data. These data were used in the final analysis including calculating crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths using age-specific rates and the corresponding populations. The national census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized rates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 355,595 and 322,416, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population (ASRIC), and age-standardized rate of incidence by world standard population (ASRIW) of liver cancer were 26.39/100,000, 19.48/100,000, and 19.10/100,000, respectively; the crude mortality, age-standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard population (ASRMC), and age-standardized rate of mortality by world standard population (ASRMW) of liver cancer were 23.93/100,000,17.48/100,000, and 17.17/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer increased greatly with age, particularly after 30 years and peaked at 80-84 or 85+ years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Liver cancer is a common cancer in China, particularly for males and residents in rural areas. Targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment programs should be carried out.</p>

The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2010 / 癌症

To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people (92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas). The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000 (268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population (ASR China) and by world standard population (ASR world) were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence (0-74 years old) of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000 (186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females). The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.

Trend analysis and prediction of cancer incidence in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on the national cancer incidence database from 1998 to 2007, to analyze the cancer incidence trend and predict the cancer burden between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We picked up the cancer incidence data of 40 cancer registry sites from National Central Cancer Registry Database between 1998 and 2007. In total, 1 109 594 cancer cases were registered, covering 446 734 668 person-year. The separate incidence by district and gender were calculated, and the standardized incidence rate was calculated by world's population age structure. The incidence trend between the 10 years was analyzed by JoinPoint software, as well as the age-percentage-changes (APC). Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was applied to fit the cancer incidence data stratified by age, district and gender. The cancer incidence between 2008 and 2015 was then predicted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the period of 1998 - 2007, in urban areas, the male cancer incidence rate was 277.61/100 000 (472 307/170 131 309), with the age standardized rate (ASR) at 202.05/100 000; while the female cancer incidence rate was 236.35/100 000 (389 586/164 830 893), with the ASR at 159.15/100 000; in rural areas, the male and female cancer incidence rates were separately 272.23/100 000 (153 478/56 377 236) and 170.09/100 000 (94 223/55 395 230), with the corresponding ASR at 244.34/100 000 and 137.90/100 000. Crude incidence rate in urban men increased from 247.00/100 000 (27 758/11 237 967) in 1998 to 305.76/100 000 (68 953/22 551 353) in 2007; while it increased from 207.37/100 000 (22 476/10 838 355) to 263.20/100 000 (58 055/22 057 787) among urban women. The crude incidence rate in rural men increased from 232.33/100 000 (10 045/4 323 628) to 303.65/100 000 (23 313/7 677 484) and it increased from 139.03/100 000 (5836/4 197 806) to 197.40/100 000 (14 850/7 522 690) among rural women. After age adjustment, the urban male APC value (95%CI) was 0.5% (-0.2% - 1.3%), showed no significantly statistical difference. However, the urban female APC value (95%CI), rural male APC value (95%CI) and rural female APC value (95%CI) were separately 1.7% (1.3% - 2.0%), 1.8% (0.9% - 2.6%) and 2.8% (1.8% - 3.7%), all showed an obvious uptrend. The outcome of Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian model predicted that by year 2015, the incidence cancer rate in urban areas will reach 309.13/100 000 (1.140 million new cases) among males and 303.79/100 000 (1.046 million new cases) among females; while in rural areas the rate will reach 288.66/100 000 (1.019 million new cases) among males and 222.59/100 000 (0.734 million new cases) among females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cancer incidence has increased annually; the uptrend in rural areas was more obvious than it in urban areas; the uptrend in females was more obvious than it in males. It is predicted that the annual incidence will continue to increase in the next years, and effective control programs should be carried out immediately.</p>

Analysis and prediction of liver cancer incidence in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on the cancer registry data during 1998 - 2007, to analyze the incidence of liver cancer in China and predict the trend of incidence of liver cancer between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Liver cancer incidence data from cancer registry between 1998 and 2007 was collected, including a total of 115 417 cases, covering 446 734 668 person-year. We calculated the annual incidence rate of liver cancer by gender and area. Age-standardized rate (ASR) was calculated by the world's population age structure. JoinPoint software was applied to analyze the incidence trend and calculate annual percent change (APC). Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was used to fit the incidence trend and predict the incidence trend between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1998 to 2007, according to the data from cancer registry, the liver cancer incidence was 25.84/100 000 (115 417/446 734 668), with the ASR at 18.82/100 000. In urban areas, the male incidence was 34.30/100 000 (58 353/170 131 309), with ASR at 24.99/100 000; while the female incidence was 12.33/100 000 (20 324/164 830 893), with ASR at 7.99/100 000. In rural areas, the male incidence was 48.56/100 000 (27 378/56 377 236), with ASR at 42.27/100 000; while the female incidence was 16.90/100 000 (9362/55 395 230), with ASR at 13.52/100 000. During the decade, in urban areas, the APC of male and female liver cancer incidence rates were separately 1.1% and -0.5%, with ASR at -0.5% and -1.9%; while in rural areas, the APC of male and female liver cancer incidence rates were separately 3.7% and 3.1%, with ASR at 1.9% and 1.3%. Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model predicted that in urban areas, the male and female incidence of liver cancer in 2015 would reach 30.73/100 000 (113 279 cases) and 10.44/100 000 (35 978 cases), with ASR at 23.70/100 000 and 7.21/100 000, respectively; while in rural areas, the incidence rates would increase to 51.67/100 000 (182 382 cases) and 15.03/100 000 (49 580 cases), with ASR at 39.80/100 000 and 10.45/100 000, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of liver cancer will increase between 2008 and 2015, but its ASR will decrease slightly. In the near future, the number of new liver cancer cases will keep increasing. Liver cancer is still the dominant cancer and one key point for cancer prevention and control in China.</p>

Analysis and prediction of esophageal cancer incidence trend in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on the registered esophageal cancer data from 1998 to 2007, to analyze the incidence of esophageal cancer during the period and then to predict its trend between year 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The incidence data of esophageal cancer between 1998 and 2007 were sorted from National Cancer Registry Database. Data from forty selected registries were qualified and recruited in the study, including 86 427 cases in total, covering 446 734 668 person years. Crude incidence rates were calculated by area and gender. The standardized incidence rate was adjusted by World Segi's population composition. JoinPoint software was applied to analyze the 10 years' incidence trend and calculated the annual percentage change, while Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was used to fit the data and predict the incidence between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Between 1998 and 2007, the crude incidence rates among males and females in urban areas were separately 16.58/100 000 (28 207/170 131 309) and 7.14/100 000 (11 761/164 830 893), with standardized rates at 12.06/100 000 and 4.55/100 000, respectively. In rural areas, the crude incidence rates and the standardized rates were separately 51.98/100 000 (29 303/56 377 236) and 47.18/100 000 among males, and 30.97/100 000 (17 156/55 395 230) and 25.30/100 000 among females. During the ten years, the crude incidence trend of esophageal cancer among urban females decreased from 10.29/100 000 (1115/10 838 355) in 1998 to 6.29/100 000 (1387/22 057 787) in 2007. However, the crude incidence rate among rural males increased from 47.69/100 000 (2062/4 323 628) to 54.80/100 000 (4207/7 677 484) in the same period. And the rate among rural females and urban males did not change obviously. After adjusting population structure, in urban areas, the male incidence rate decreased by 2.1% annually and female incidence rate dropped by 7.5% annually. In rural areas, the female incidence rate fell by 1.3% annually, while the male incidence rate remained the same without significant changes. The prediction model estimated that there would be 134 474 new esophageal cancer cases diagnosed in year 2015, including 104 400 males and 30 074 females, while 52 506 cases came from urban areas and the other 81 968 cases were from rural areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The esophageal cancer incidence showed a downtrend, especially among urban females. By year 2015, the threat of esophageal cancer will be alleviated.</p>

Analysis and prediction of colorectal cancer incidence trend in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on the data from National Cancer Registry between 1998 and 2007, to analyze the colorectal cancer incidence trend in China, and further to predict its incidence between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We picked up the incidence data of 111 281 cases of colorectal cancer in total from National Central Cancer Registry Database between 1998 and 2007, covering 446 734 668 person-year. The annual incidence rate of colorectal cancer both by area and gender were calculated; while the age standardized rate (ASR) was standardized by world's population age structure. The incidence trend was analyzed and the annual percentage change (APC) was calculated by JoinPoint software. Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was applied to fit the colorectal cancer incidence trend in China between 1998 and 2007; and further to predict its incidence between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1998 to 2007, the colorectal cancer registered incidence was 24.91/100 000 (111 281/446 734 668), with the ASR at 17.67/100 000. The incidence in male population was 26.50/100 000 (60 015/226 508 545), with ASR at 19.90/100 000; and the incidence in female was 23.28/100 000 (51 266/220 226 123), with ASR at 15.73/100 000. In urban area, the male incidence rose from 23.29/100 000 (2617/11 237 967) in 1998 to 37.84/100 000 (8534/22 551 353) in 2007; while the female incidence increased from 21.75/100 000 (2357/10 838 355) to 31.34/100 000 (6913/22 057 787). And in rural areas, the male and female incidences rose from 10.36/100 000 (448/4 323 628) and 8.86/100 000 (372/4 197 806) in 1998 to 16.80/100 000 (1290/7 677 484) and 13.00/100 000 (978/7 522 690) in 2007 respectively. In this decade, the colorectal cancer incidence has increased both in urban and rural areas. In urban area, the male APC value was 5.5% and the female APC value was 4.0%; while in rural area, the male and female APC values were 6.0% and 4.3% respectively. After adjusted by age structure, the uptrend became gently; with the urban male and urban female APC values separately increased by 3.7%, 2.5% and 2.3%. The rural male APC value rocketed up by 8.4% after its inflection point in 2004. The Bayesian model predicted that the male and female colorectal cancer incidences would separately reach 33.92/100 000 (125 thousand cases) and 27.13/100 000 (93 thousand cases) in urban areas; and 13.61/100 000 (48 thousand cases) and 13.68/100 000 (45 thousand cases) in rural areas by year 2015.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The colorectal cancer incidence in China has been increasing annually; and it will continue to rise in the next years.</p>

Analysis and prediction of breast cancer incidence trend in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on the registered female breast cancer data from 1998 to 2007, to analyze the incidence of female breast cancer during the period and then to predict its trend from 2008 to 2015.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The incidence data of breast cancer from 1998 to 2007 were sorted from National Cancer Registry Database, including 74 936 cases from urban areas and 8230 cases from rural areas, separately covering 164 830 893 and 55 395 229 person years. The crude incidence rates in urban and rural areas were calculated, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) was adjusted by World Segi's population composition. JoinPoint software was applied to analyze the 10 years' incidence trend and calculated the annual percentage of changing (APC), while Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was used to fit the data and predict the incidence of breast cancer between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1998 to 2007, the incidence of breast cancer in the urban cancer registration areas was 45.46/100 000 (74 936/164 830 893), whose ASR was 31.28/100 000. While in rural registration areas, the incidence and ASR was 14.86/100 000 (8230/55 395 229) and 12.13/100 000. The breast cancer incidence in urban and rural areas separately rose from 36.17/100 000 (3920/10 838 355) and 10.39/100 000 (436/4 197 806) in 1998 to 51.24/100 000 (11 302/22 057 787) and 19.61/100 000 (1475/7 522 690) in 2007. During the 10 years, the breast cancer incidence increased both in urban and rural areas, but the increase rate in rural incidence (6.3%) was more significant than it in urban areas (3.9%). Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model predicted that the breast cancer incidence would increase to 53.87/100 000 (185 585 new cases) in urban areas and 40.14/100 000 (132 432 new cases) in rural areas, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The breast cancer incidence has been increasing annually both in urban and rural areas in China; and an annually increase number of new cases have been predicted.</p>

Trend analysis and projection of cancer incidence in China between 1989 and 2008 / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Nationwide cancer incidence data were used to analyze the trends of cancer incidence in China in order to provide basic information for making cancer control strategy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrieved and re-sorted valid cancer incidence data from the National Central Cancer Registry Database over the 20 year-period 1989-2008. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rate were calculated for analysis. Annual percent changes in incidence for all cancers combined were estimated using Joinpoint software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cancer incidence rate in cancer registration areas was increased from 184.81/10(5) in 1989 to 286.69/10(5) in 2008 (from 209.33/10(5) to 307.04/10(5) in urban and from 176.10/10(5) to 269.57/10(5) in rural areas). Uptrends of crude cancer incidence were shown in both male and female in urban and rural areas over the 20 year-period. After standardized by age, overall incidence rate kept stable with 0.5% annual increase in urban and no change in rural areas. Since 2000, the cancer incidences in both sexes and areas were significantly increased. The incidence increased for most major cancers, especially lung cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer and cervical cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Over the 20 year-period 1989-2008, cancer incidence of most cancers has been increasing by time. The incidences of gastric cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer still keep gradually increasing. The incidences of lung cancer, female breast cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer are markedly going up, so that cancer prevention and control should be enhanced. Cancer registration will play an important role on cancer control in China along with the number of registries increasing and data quality improving.</p>

Trend analysis of cancer mortality in China between 1989 and 2008 / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in China. The study aimed to examine the temporal trend of cancer mortality rate during 1989-2008 in urban and rural areas of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mortality data of all cancers from 1989 to 2008 from National Cancer Registry database were sorted and checked. Age standardized mortality rates were calculated by the direct methods using the China population of 1982 and World Segi's population. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain the annual percentage changes (APC) in mortality rates. The top ten cancer sites were calculated and analyzed. The mortality rates were compared with statistics of the United States.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1989 to 2008, the trend of crude cancer mortality increased with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.0%. After age standardization, the mortality rate was significantly decreased, with an APC of -1.2%. In urban areas, lung cancer was the most common cancer of death, whereas in rural areas, stomach cancer and esophageal cancer remained top cancers of death. Especially, in both urban and rural areas, the mortality of lung cancer was on increase. The mortality rates of stomach and esophageal cancers showed a decrease in urban areas. Compared with the cancer mortality rates of the United States, the Chinese cancer mortality rate in males remained highest. The decreasing trend of cancer mortality in females of China was less obvious than that of the United States.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The crude mortality rates of cancer in China show an increase whereas the age standardized mortality raters has declined between 1989 and 2008. Cancer is still a major public health issue threatening people's life in China. Effective intervention for cancer control and prevention is needed in the future.</p>

The correlation between polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 9 and susceptibility to gastric cancer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 and the susceptibility to gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population-based case-control study was conducted at Linqu county, Shandong province, China, including a total of 248 cases of gastric cancer. Another total of 496 age and sex-matched controls were randomly selected from the same cohorts. TLR2 rs3804099 and TLR9 rs187084 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed from logistic regression models after adjusting for age, sex, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and smoking status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype on TLR2 rs3804099 in control group were 43.5% (216/496), 46.6% (231/496) and 9.9% (49/496), respectively; whereas those in case group were 53.2% (132/248), 39.9% (99/248) and 6.9% (17/248), respectively. Significant differences in the frequencies of TLR2 rs3804099 were found between case and control groups (χ(2) = 6.665, P = 0.036). It was found that compared with the TT genotype, TC + CC genotype carriers obviously less susceptible to gastric cancer (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.50 - 0.93). Joint effects analysis indicated that the TLR2 rs3804099 TT genotype carriers and H.pylori infectors had higher susceptibility to gastric cancer(OR = 3.42, 95%CI: 2.16 - 5.42), compared with TC + CC genotype carriers and non-H.pylori infection group. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype on TLR9 rs187084 in control group were 33.3% (165/496), 49.0% (243/496) and 17.7% (88/496), respectively; whereas those in case group were 35.9% (89/248), 50.0% (124/248) and 14.1% (35/248), respectively. No significant association with gastric cancer was observed for TLR9 rs187084 polymorphism (χ(2) = 1.684, P = 0.431).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings indicate that TLR2 rs3804099 is closely associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer.</p>

Selection of High-yield Agro-antibiotic 2-16 Producing Strain and Optimization of Its Cultivation / 微生物学通报

In order to improve the production of agro-antibiotic 2-16,the producing strain(Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var.huangshanensis) was treated by protoplast regeneration,ultraviolet radiation,NTG mutagenesis and low energy C~(+) ion implantation.At last,a high-yield strain No.515 was obtained.The production of ~()No.515 was increased by 223.10%.By using Plackett-Burman design and Response Surface Analysis provided by SAS software,the cultivation condition of No.515 was optimized.The amount of agro-antibiotic 2-16 was increased by 38.53% when the strain No.515 was cultivated in the optimum medium instead of the initial one.